The evolution of discourse in the energy debate in Mexico

Abstract

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The 2013 energy reform created tensions between emissions reduction targets, economic development, and sovereignty in the public debate. This study analyzes the evolution and tensions of energy discourse in Mexico using social legitimation and communication frameworks A mixed-methods, longitudinal content analysis, was conducted on 20 communications from public, private, and international actors disseminated in the press and public forums between 2013 and 2025. The results show that in 2023, hybrid discourses emerged that articulate sovereignty, investment, climate, and regulatory efficiency, indicating a move toward consensus for an effective energy transition. The main discursive tensions are located between Energy sovereignty and Energy transition and climate, and between Energy sovereignty and Regulatory efficiency, revealing that discourses prioritizing state control tend to relegate climate goals and regulatory frameworks to a secondary role.